[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
" The plural form in a proper name is capitalized (G.P.O. 1984):
Seventh and Ninth Streets
Lakes Eerie and Ontario
Langley 16-Foot and 30- by 60-Foot Tunnels
" A common noun used with a number or letter for purposes of designation is not capitalized (G.P.O. 1984):
Page 83
Chapter 4. Capitalization
chapter 4 part I
figure 1 reference 25
case 8 run 234
" Only when the word the is part of an official name is it capitalized:
The College of William and Mary
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4.5.1. Personal Names and Titles
Rarely is there any question concerning capitalization of personal names.
" In foreign names, particles such as d', de, du, and von are capitalized unless preceded by a forename or title:
E. I. du Pont Du Pont
Theodore von Karman Von Karman Institute
" Remember that a personal name that is used in a common sense is no longer capitalized:
the units curie, watt, newton, and kelvin
But
degree Celsius
degree Rankine
degree Fahrenheit
" Civil and professional titles are capitalized when they precede a personal name as part of the name (Chicago
Press 1982):
President Reagan
Director Petersen
Chief Scientist Barnwell
Engineer-in-Charge Reid
Such titles are not capitalized in apposition however:
the chief scientist, Richard Barnwell
the chief of Materials Division, Darrel Tenney
" Civil and professional titles following or in place of a personal name are rarely capitalized (Chicago Press 1982):
Richard Petersen, director of Langley Research Center; the director
A. J. Hansbrough, chief of the Research Information and Applications Division; the division chief
Perry Deal, chief test pilot
Page 84
Chapter 4. Capitalization
Richard A. Culpepper, test director; the test director
But, to indicate distinction, a common noun title after a name is capitalized (G.P.O. 1984):
Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
" In a document to a very specific audience, a common noun used as part of or in place of a personal name may be
capitalized (Skillin et al. 1974). Thus, in a Langley memo, letter, or internal document, such titles as Director,
Associate Director, Division Chief, and Branch Head may be capitalized.
4.5.2. Geographic Names
The names of particular regions, localities, countries, and geographic features are capitalized:
" Names of geographic features
Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
Arctic Circle North Pole
Equator Tropic of Cancer
But
equatorial the tropics
polar region Tropic of Cancer
" Names of regions and localities
Middle East Southeast Asia
Gulf States6 North Atlantic States6
Great Plains Corn Belt
North and South (Civil War Period)
But
western Virginia northern manufacturers
eastern Gulf states northern Michigan
Directions of the compass are capitalized only as a part of a name that has been established by usage to designate
particular regions.
6
These are two examples of the divisions of the United States that are used by the Bureau of Census; see G.P.O.
(1984) for a complete listing.
Page 85
Chapter 4. Capitalization
" Names of rivers, mountains, bays, and cities
James River San Francisco Bay
Mount Everest Del Marva Peninsula
New York City Lake Michigan
But
The satellite orbit often crossed the Sahara Desert. In parts of this desert, seasonal transitions
occur between desert and vegetated land.
When generic terms such as lake, city, and river are used to refer to a specific place, they are still lowercase
except in a few established instances:
the Canal (Panama Canal)
the Channel (English Channel)
4.5.3. Administrative Names
Official designations of political divisions and of other organized bodies are capitalized:
" Names of political divisions
Canada United States
New York State Ontario Province
Northwest Territories Virgin Islands
" Names of governmental units
U.S. Government
Executive Department
U.S. Congress
Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Army
U.S. Navy
Technical Editing Branch
But
naval power
the government
congressional committee
" Names of organizations and their members
Democratic Party, Catholic Church
a Democrat, a Catholic (members)
Democratic administration, Catholic doctrine
Society of Automotive Engineers
Page 86
Chapter 4. Capitalization
But
democratic government (a democracy)
catholicity (character of being liberal)
4.5.4. Names of Public Places and Institutions
The proper names of public places, facilities, and structures are capitalized:
White House
Langley Research Center
National Transonic Facility
H. J. E. Reid Auditorium
But
building 1195B
" The names of permanent research facilities at Langley Research Center (and other institutions) are capitalized,
but not temporary (that is, not officially permanent) apparatuses and facilities:
Permanent
Langley Aircraft Landing Dynamics Facility
Langley 55-Foot Vacuum Chamber
Temporary
neutron generator at the Langley Research Center
outdoor anechoic test apparatus at the Langley Research Center
4.5.5. Calendar and Time Designations
Various holidays, historic events, and other time designations are capitalized:
" Names of months and days of the week
January December
Sunday Thursday
But seasons are not capitalized:
fall spring
" Historic events
Page 87
Chapter 4. Capitalization
Revolutionary War Sputnik Crisis
Renaissance Louisiana Purchase
" Holidays
Veterans Day Memorial Day
Thanksgiving Presidents' Day
" Time zones are not capitalized:
eastern standard time
mountain daylight time
noon
But
Greenwich mean time
Pacific standard time
4.5.6. Scientific Names
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]